Everything about Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke Of Buckingham totally explained
Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham KG (
15 August 1402 –
10 July 1460) was best-known as a military commander in the
Hundred Years' War and in the
Wars of the Roses.
Early Life
He was born at
Stafford,
Staffordshire,
England, the son of
Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford and
Anne of Gloucester, daughter of
Thomas of Woodstock and a granddaughter of
Edward III of England.
When Humphrey was a small child his father died and he became 6th Earl of Stafford, inheriting a large estate with lands in more than a dozen counties.
He was
Knighted in
1421, became a
Privy Councillor in
1424. He was made a knight of the
Order of the Garter in
1429.
Stafford had been Lieutenant-General of Normandy between
1430 and
1432 and was created, in
1431, the
Count of Perche, a province in English-occupied
Normandy by King
Henry VI. This title was one of many granted by Henry VI to his leading supporters during the English occupation of France.
On
14 September,
1444 he was created the
First Duke of Buckingham. He had previously been recognized as Earl of Buckingham, by right of his mother, who was the Countess of Stafford.
War of the Roses
Captain of
Calais, Seneschal of Halton in
1439, and Lieutenant of the Marches from
1442 –
1451, he also served as an Ambassador to France in
1446. Stafford became Lord Warden of the
Cinque Ports and Constable of
Dover Castle (and Queensborough, on the
Isle of Sheppey), in
1450.
Buckingham was one of the lords who arrested
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester at
Bury St Edmunds on
18 February 1447. Although loyal to
King Henry VI he was reluctant to take up arms for Somerset and when the conflict between York and Somerset burst into open war in
1455 he seemed to be the ideal choice to negotiate.
After York failed to get an undertaking that Somerset would be tried he was given command of the King's army in the
First Battle of St. Albans but was wounded and captured with the King when the
Earl of Warwick scored a remarkable success.
In spite of this Buckingham kept an open mind and helped maintain a relative stability during York's second protectorate.
Unfortunately, his actions estranged him from
Queen Margaret. Even so his decision in favour of the queen in
1459 made possible York's humiliation at
Ludford Bridge and he was rewarded with extensive grants from the estates of
Sir William Oldhall.
In
1460 with the invasion by Warwick increasingly likely he was appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports. In the lead up to the
Battle of Northampton fought on
10 July,
1460 he brusquely told a group of Yorkist bishops that they were not men of peace but men of war and there could be no peace with Warwick. In this Buckingham was supported by his son-in-law Shrewsbury, Beaumont and Egremont but all four were killed by Kentishmen outside the king's tent after
Grey de Ruthyn's treachery. Buckingham was buried at Grey Friars.
Family
Stafford married Anne Neville, daughter of
Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and
Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland sometime before
18 October,
1424, at
Raby Castle,
County Durham, England. They had the following children:
- Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford (d. 22 May 1455). Married Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Stafford, daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and Eleanor Beauchamp. They were parents of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham.
- Henry Stafford (d. 1481. Reportedly married or bethrothed to Lady Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp.
- Edward Stafford
- Catherine Stafford (1437 - 26 December 1476). Married John Talbot, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury.
- George Stafford (born 1439). Twin brother of William Stafford.
- William Stafford (born 1439). Twin brother of George Stafford.
- John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 8 May 1473. Married Constance Green. They were the parents of Edward Stafford, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire.
- Joan Stafford (1442 - 1484). Married first William Beaumont and secondly William Knyvett.
- Anne Stafford (1446 - 1472). Married first Aubrey de Vere, son of John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford. She married secondly Thomas Brooke, 8th Baron Cobham.
- Margaret Stafford. Married Robert Dunham.
His eldest son having already died, Humphrey was succeeded by his grandson
Henry.
Further Information
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